Judge dark-red enameled pottery sintering method

Judge dark-red enameled pottery sintering method

How to determine the sintering dark-red enameled pottery? The expert points out, the sintering, judge dark-red enameled pottery from shallow and deep, roughly into four kinds of methods, is view color, listening, debate inside and outside, check complex.
A, view color
Clay is less, the higher the sintering temperature. But some of purple material reaches a certain high temperature occurs after further chemical reaction, appear coking phenomenon, produce pin holes and bubble. From low melting things begin to melt to appear bubble, stythe eye of a needle, coking phenomenon the critical temperature range, is called sintering (temperature) range. With the increase of firing temperature, low melting things begin to melt, and at the same time, the amount and nature of the metal oxide also is in produce change. As a powder metalresult of the metal oxide few quantity and type is dark-red enameled pottery color material, so with the change in temperature, dark-red enameled pottery color effect will also be different, will not only from shallow darker, and some pug fever product color will be different. Those who need a specification is, how many kinds of metal oxide, apart from the firing temperature on outside, still and firing atmosphere related. When burning oxygen and carbon monoxide gas concentration is different, the formation of metal oxide will be different, thus decided to burn product color.

Second, listening
This is the most common method. Listen to the sound, 1, listen to the voice of grinding, 2, listen to the voice of stroke. Grinding, even with a pot cover mouth on lap type grinding; Stroke, is left hand should be under pitcher body mold, the right hand carry pot son (cover button), with the top of the lid tapping pot Pan (put). Listen to the sound, judgment is the body's density, also is in the body how much porosity. Purple is mainly based on quartz content and clay content and clay in metal oxide content type and many little to classification. Does not contain the quartz, or quartz content is very few, mud, otherwise it is sand. Mud fe content is more red clay, iron content rarely (or not) is white mud. In sand, clay, clay less little iron oxide (and iron ion), and titanium oxide more is this mountain lu (in fact for sand, similarly hereinafter). Iron content is less period of mud (sand). Quartz, clay matching moderate, clay of the iron content is less, is zhu mud (sand), iron content is more purple clay (sand).

Third, both inside and outside to contend
Dark-red enameled pottery color except decided to pug species outside, still and firing technology closely related. In oxidizing atmosphere, violet arenaceous mud of iron formation is rufous iron oxide red, in reducing atmosphere formation is sintered metalyoung black oxidation and iron. Purple clay, red mud (z mud) made dark-red enameled pottery color, it is by the relative amount of the decision. Firing atmosphere is refers to the combustion environment oxygen, carbon monoxide gas concentration level. In the same firing temperature (of course must be sintering temperature above), oxygen is more, is oxidation atmosphere; Carbon monoxide much gas, is reducing atmosphere. Obviously, the same conditions, always body surface oxygen concentration is high, the body internal carbon monoxide gas concentration is high, then, sintering dark-red enameled pottery of the surface is red, purple, but section but color is deeper, even a young black. Then, to observe dark-red enameled pottery pot body color difference in size, will become judgment dark-red enameled pottery sintering degree of a a universally, which will never change at all times and in all over the standard.

Zoomlion wheel crane structure welding comprehensive advance robot era

Zoomlion wheel crane structure welding comprehensive advance robot era

With the engineering crane company QuanTang industrial park structure workshop 11 table welding robot installation complete and formal delivered for use, wheel crane jib, turntable, frame and leg four structure welding process fully into the robot era.

Robot welding process introduction, improve the quality of the weld, the weld seam andry transformers inspection by the traditional manual welding qualified rate of 84% up to 99%. The use of welding robot, still can promote wheel crane structure welding efficiency, especially in the welding seam displays the great advantage. To fifty v / 55 v truck crane frame posterior segment in welding as an example, the manual welding time need 5.5 hours/Taiwan / 2 people, and robot welding just 4.5 hours/Taiwan / 2 machine, efficiency can be increased by 18.2% year-on-year. And the traditional manual welding need workers drilling to the internal shi welding, smoke, dust, strong light, high temperature of the extreme environment, serious harm the operator's physical health, and use robot welding are completely avoid these problems.

High frequency welding machine use rise and convenient safe, but we always carry on the maintenance, enhance its service life, high frequency welding machine must be installed on the good earth end, because of the damp, dust is very sensitive, so should be placed in the appropriate work space. The valves can produce high fever, so do not put in will produce heat machine side, nor device in solar direct exposurestud welding machine to the place, because of the above reasons can affect the function of vacuum cooling.

The difficulty of welding in where? One is the material of high strength, is a plank is thick. The material strength and general to level 390 to more than 800. The high strength steel welding problem, the more so we welding process needs high technology and welding process requirement, also need to experience. Thick plate since mm to 180 mm, very thick, the general welding technology to so thick material may appear a lot of problems. So in ocean engineering steel structure whether offshore loading leg, post. There is a low temperature Stud welding systemtoughness, submarine temperature is very high, this kind of steel structure after welding in low temperature toughness demand is very high, this aspect in general if do well this process would be brittle fracture occurred, if oil field happened this kind of question is that a lot of accidents, are not allowed to appear. In addition, the weldability, welding demand is higher, in addition to its lamellar tearing, fatigue strength have relatively high request, this is the difficulty of welding.

Spark machine tool electro discharge machining concept and origin

Spark machine tool electro discharge machining concept and origin

The Soviet union scholars raza even families couple research invented electric spark machining, and then with the pulse power supply and control system improvement, and rapidly. First use of pulse power supply is a simple resistance capacitance loop. At the beginning of s, improvement for resistance, inductance and capacitance loop. At the same time, but also USES the pulse generator and so on the long pulse power, removal in improving efficiency, tool electrode relative losses.

Then there was high power tube, thyratron and high frequency pulse power, drill edmin the same surface roughness under the condition of productivity can be improved. In the middle of the s, the emergence of a transistor and thyristor pulse power supply, improve the energy utilization efficiency and reduce the tool electrode loss, and enlarge the rough machining adjustable range.

For electric spark machining, the tool electrode and workpiece respectively after pulse power poles, and dip work fluid, or will work fluid filling the discharge gap. Through the gap to be automatic control system control tool electrode to the workpiece feed, when two interelectrode gap to a certain distance, two electrode applied pulse voltage will work fluid breakdown, produce the spark discharge.

Discharge of the micro channel instantaneous focus a lot of heat, the temperature can be as high as ten thousand degrees Celsius above, pressure also has a sharp change, so as to make it work surface local trace metal material immediately melting, gasification, and explosive to splash into a working fluid, rapid condensation, forming a solid metal particles, was working fluid away. Then in the workpiece surface will leave a small pit trace, discharge short rest, two electrodes operating fluid recovery insulation condition.

Then, a pulse voltage and in two electrode relatively close to another point place breakdown, produce the spark discharge, and repeat the process. So, although each pulse discharge amount of metal removal in few, but because there are thousands of times per second pulse discharge process, you can removal in more metal, has certain productivity.

With the development of industrial production and the progress of science and technology, has the high melting point, high hardness, high strength, high brittleness, high viscosity and high purity and performance of new materials appear constantly. With all kinds of complicated structure and special process requirements of the workpiece is more and more, this makes the traditional machining method can't processing or difficult to processing. Therefore, people in addition to further develop and perfect mechanical processing method, but also to seek for the new processing method. Electrical discharge machining method can adapt to the needs of the development of production, and in the application of shows a lot of outstanding performance, therefore, obtained the rapid development and wide application.

Single cylinder pressure shock absorber

Single cylinder pressure shock absorber

Just as its name implies is to single tube (tube) body design, internal into high pressure nitrogen stored in the body of the bottom of chamber to free piston separation of oil and gas. This type of shock absorber react fast, simple structure, thermal easy and convenient maintenance.

Single tube (tube) type shock absorber in the back stretch long stroke and compression stroke all rely on piston body produce dampingbrake racing, and the gas chamber in the lower body, in order to free piston separation oil and steam body (oil, gas separated), in the elongation stroke, the piston chamber pressure, oil by the body to the compression chamber is on the contrary, seal in gas indoor nitrogen in shortened, become a negative pressure on the piston chamber of high enough value.

In the oil is not full flow to the chamber, the chamber offset the uneven pressure type, therefore the shock will have good Q degree performance, in addition the air chamber and hydraulic oil chamber is completely separated, in under the condition of high pressure, won't have a hole, so the phenomenon in the use of harsh circumstances, still can produce a high level of stability, another oil seal for actuator force on the piston to directly in the chamber pressure, require a high degree of pressure and must pay special attention to the need for its machining high-precision delicate degree, the general shock absorber manufacturers to produce durability and high stability of single tube (tube) type shock absorber.

And single cylinder on the contrary, the compound drum manufacturing cost is low, to production, and the sealed gas belongs to low pressure gas, and high pressure of single cylinder, piston actuator compared when feeling more soft, this makes handling not as single tube (tube) type have sensitive, this type of shock chamber into the nitrogen not as single cylinder is so high, the bottom of the tube open connected to the piston chamber and the gas chamber even path.

Piston internal mechanism basically and single type the same, the difference is that in the shortened, the chamber part of the oil into the chamber, the connected path be resistance, inner guide core upside sets check valve in the elongation trip, from bar and top table between leakage oil back to the gas chamber, in shortened they were not suction gas indoor gas, its disadvantages for shock absorber in the elongation stroke, the piston down chamber from the oil chamber suction pressure value of the shock absorber oil easy generation vortex vacuum, and dissolve in oil have a bubble.

The system is actually based on modified shock absorber, are divided into 2 sets of hydraulic line. 2 sets of systems are the four respectively the shock "tie" up, its working principle is four this is independent of the shock absorber become a whole.

High temperature bearing break international monopoly

High temperature bearing break international monopoly

The international first-class high-temperature precision slide bearing, its core technology has been Germany, Japan and other minority national monopoly. Now, GuanXian Kennedy GuanTunXiang Kennedy GuanTunCun farmers XuJi envy through independent research and development to conquer the technical difficulties, and the production of high temperature resistant precision bearing pin to Germany.

Since the 1980 s, XuJi envy do stripping bearing small business, and then in Shanghai registered company, engaged in bearing trade. As business bigger and bigger, have a kind of phenomenon let XuJi envy RuGengZaiHou: domestic product homogeneity is serious, the majority is ZhongDiDuan products, low profit; But foreign brands are high-end bearing, its profit is the domestic bearing several times even a few times. The reason, is the enterprise do not have the high precision bearing core technology.

High temperature bearing localization, let China enterprise benefit. A Beijing China's largest special film equipment production enterprise, the original to Germany purchasing bearing, each batch are through the German government approval, the cost is high, the formalities numerous. Now, they get rid of the passive situation at all, the XuJi envy products, procurement cost saving 50% the left and right sides.

In order to adapt to the growing sales, 2010, in his hometown XuJi envy invest in the construction of the Plastic bearingproduction base, to construct the research in big cities, play brand, in the home make production, benefit the native place of management pattern.

Bearing is one of the core parts of wind power equipment, working conditions and long service life, high reliability requirements, make use of wind power bearing manufacturing high technology complexity, become wind power equipment localization is the most difficult one of the key points, also become influence the development of wind power in China soft rib. Yanshan university assumed this subject research after the success, our country will produce high performance, long life of more than 5 mw wind power generator with large yaw bearing, variable propeller bearing, wind leaf spindle bearing steel ability. At the same time, the research of the special steel enterprise technology progress, the product quality improvement is of important significance in China, will change the high-power wind power bearing product development lags behind, the overall situation of special steel products to promote the international competitiveness.